Board of Imitation Appeals

by Jason Dzubow

The BIA was meant to be the “Supreme Court of immigration,” reviewing decisions by Immigration Judges and USCIS, interpreting the law, and setting precedents. It never quite worked out that way, as the Board has always been overwhelmed, understaffed, and has consistently failed to issue sufficient guidance to the nation’s Immigration Courts. But for all its flaws, the Board offered a modicum of hope that incorrect decisions could be corrected on appeal.

Now, however, new rules will change the way the Board of Immigration Appeals does business. These rules are meant to make the BIA into a rubber stamp for IJ decisions and will almost entirely eliminate due process for non-citizens at the administrative appellate level.

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More Asylum Seekers Are “No Shows” in Immigration Court

by Jason Dzubow

Recent data reveals that increasing numbers of asylum seekers are failing to appear for their Immigration Court hearings and effectively abandoning their applications to remain in the United States.

In FY2023, there were 13,319 abandoned cases in our nation’s Immigration Courts; in FY2024, there were 18,436 abandonments; and in FY2025, the first year of the Trump Administration, the number of abandoned cases soared to 51,446.

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USCIS Begins Re-Verifying — and Sometimes Detaining — Refugees

by Jason Dzubow

Earlier this month, USCIS announced the commencement of Operation PARRIS (Post-Admission Refugee Reverification and Integrity Strengthening) in Minnesota with plans to later expand across the country. USCIS describes the operation as “a sweeping initiative reexamining thousands of refugee cases through new background checks and intensive verification of refugee claims.” The Agency will initially focus on “Minnesota’s 5,600 refugees who have not yet been given lawful permanent resident status (Green Cards).” USCIS adjudicators will conduct “thorough background checks, reinterviews, and merit reviews of refugee claims.”  

As part of this new effort, ICE agents have arrested “dozens of refugees… mainly from Somalia and includ[ing] children.” The targeted individuals mostly do not seem to have any criminal issues, and many have been quickly transported out of state, away from family members, friends, and lawyers.

Today, we’ll discuss what USCIS’s so-called “war on fraud” means for refugees and other immigrants, and how to prepare in the event that your case is subject to re-verification.

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Stateless in Paradise

by Jason Dzubow
This post is by Mikhail Sebastian Okunuga, a coffee connoisseur, world traveler, writer, and memoirist whose work explores statelessness, exile, and the quiet resilience of survival. Drawing from years of displacement and travels across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Pacific—including prolonged immigration detention—his award-winning memoir Stateless in Paradise has received both the International Impact Book Award and The Prestigious International Hope Book Award, honoring its powerful testimony to endurance, dignity, and the human search for belonging.

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ICE, Lies, and Videotape

by Jason Dzubow

Last week, an ICE agent in Minneapolis fatally shot Renee Good, a U.S. citizen and mother of three. Ms. Good was in her vehicle protesting an ICE enforcement action in her city. Most people who have seen the various videos (including me) view the killing as completely unjustified or–at a minimum–believe that the incident requires a fair investigation to determine exactly what happened. Unfortunately, that did not stop President Trump and his team from quickly labeling Ms. Good a domestic terrorist and professional agitator, who the ICE agent shot in self defense. 

The killing and the Administration’s callous response have sparked mass protests in Minnesota and throughout the United States.

It’s difficult to know what to say about this terrible shooting and the subsequent attacks on Ms. Good, but for me, the incident fits a familiar pattern. The Trump Administration lies about anyone it does not like, and then uses those lies to justify harming that person. The difference here is that the harm came first and the lies came afterward. Also, the video evidence allows us to see for ourselves how the Administration is mischaracterizing events.

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Asylum Cooperative Agreements and the Fiction of the Safe Third Country

by Jason Dzubow

A recent Board of Immigration Appeals case highlights the Trump Administration’s latest tactic for blocking asylum seekers from protection in the United States. In Matter of C-I-G-M- & L-V-S-G-, the Board held that two Guatemalan migrants were barred from asylum, Withholding of Removal, and relief under the Torture Convention, and that they could be sent to a third country–in this case, Honduras–to pursue a protection claim there. 

The decision illustrates a new trend in Immigration Court where DHS (the prosecutor) files to pretermit (deny) asylum and order the non-citizen deported. The basis to pretermit is that the applicant could seek asylum in a safe third country pursuant to an Asylum Cooperative Agreement (ACA) with that country. The Immigration Judge may then deport the person to the third country, where they can supposedly seek protection. 

Here, we will discuss the ACAs and how they are affecting asylum seekers.

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The Secret to Happiness (for Asylum Seekers and Everybody Else)

by Jason Dzubow

Who am I to know The Secret to Happiness, you ask. Mankind has struggled with this question for eons, yet here I am, purporting to know The Answer. What kind of pretentious jerk would make such a claim, especially on New Year’s Day? These are fair points. In my defense, I am currently hung over. I am also not much in the mood to write about all the bad news that’s fit to print–and there is a never-ending supply of that, which I presume we’ll get to soon enough. No, today is a holiday, the beginning of a new year, a time for optimism even–especially–when realism calls for pessimism. And the fact is, in my years of observing asylum seekers, people who have suffered much and are under continuous stress, I have learned The Secret to Happiness, which I will reveal to you forthwith.

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Fight or Flight?

by Jason Dzubow

I recently met with the family of a man from El Salvador who we’ll call Jorge. Jorge was detained by ICE and is facing imminent deportation. He has been in the United States for more than 10 years, has no criminal convictions, and has several relatives with legal status, including his child (a U.S. citizen) and his mother (a permanent resident). Jorge had faced danger in El Salvador: criminals tried to force him to join their gang. They also murdered his uncle. Based on these facts, Jorge is legally eligible to apply for asylum, Withholding of Removal, relief under the UN Convention Against Torture, and Cancellation of Removal. The question for him and his family is whether fighting his case and trying to avoid deportation is a good idea.

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USCIS Restricts Work Permits… Again

by Jason Dzubow

In the aftermath of an Afghan asylum seeker’s attack on members of the National Guard, the Trump Administration began a wide-ranging crackdown on non-citizens from Afghanistan and other “banned” countries, as well as on asylum seekers, refugees, and other migrants.

The most recent iteration of these efforts is the decision by USCIS–justified by “security” concerns–to reduce the validity period for certain categories of Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from five years to 18 months. In combination with prior changes, the shortened EAD will cause tremendous pain to many vulnerable people.

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“Halting” Asylum and “Re-Examining” Previously-Approved Cases

by Jason Dzubow

After the terrible shooting incident last week where a CIA-trained Afghan national killed one member of the National Guard and critically injured another, President Trump declared that he would “permanently pause migration from all Third World Countries” and “remove anyone who is not a net asset to the United States, or is incapable of loving our Country.” He also vowed to “denaturalize migrants who undermine domestic tranquility, and deport any Foreign National who is a public charge, security risk, or non-compatible with Western Civilization.”

We do not yet have a full picture of how these words will be put into operation, but several government agencies have already announced new restrictions on asylum and on people from Afghanistan and other “banned” countries. Here, we’ll look at what has been said so far, and try to understand how the new policies will affect asylum seekers and asylees.

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The Travel Ban Comes Home

by Jason Dzubow

Last summer, the Trump Administration implemented a travel ban to block or restrict nationals from certain countries from entering the United States. The ban was justified based on “national security” or because the targeted countries had higher-than-average visa overstay rates.

Now, according to a report from the New York Times and my conversations with Asylum Officers, it seems that people from banned countries who are already in the U.S. will face additional restrictions on receiving asylum and obtaining a Green Card.  

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Let’s Meet the New Temporary Immigration Judges

by Jason Dzubow

Perhaps you’ve heard about the Trump Administration’s plan to appoint 600 Temporary Immigration Judges to help address the 3.5-million case backlog in Immigration Court. As far as we know, all the new judges will be U.S. military lawyers from the Judge Advocate General’s corps. 

To facilitate these appointments, EOIR–the Executive Office for Immigration Review, the office that oversees our country’s Immigration Courts–has substantially relaxed the requirements to serve as an Immigration Judge (IJ), and now, IJs do not need any experience with the immigration law to become a judge. The new appointments come on the heels of mass terminations at EOIR, which saw about 120 of the nation’s 700 IJs terminated or “voluntarily” retired.

What to expect from the new judges? Will they be Trump’s willing executioners, denying cases as fast as they can docket them? Or will they be more fair, enforcing the law regardless of their political bosses’ preference? EOIR recently announced the first class of Temporary Immigration Judges (TIJs) and here, we’ll look at their backgrounds to see what this might portend for their judgeships.

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USCIS Restricts Work Permits for Asylum Seekers

by Jason Dzubow

Asylum seekers are eligible for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) while their application is pending. Although EADs are issued for 5 years, most applicants need to renew their employment authorization because the wait is so long.

Up until last week, if you filed to renew before your current EAD expired, you received an automatic 540-day extension of the current card. This was important, since USCIS often processes renewals slowly, and without the extension, many asylum seekers would lose the ability to work. But now, a new rule has eliminated the automatic EAD extension for asylum seekers (and others), and so when your card expires, you can no longer work lawfully.

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Trump-Proofing Your Asylum Application (Part 1)

by Jason Dzubow

Since the advent of the Trump Administration, it has been getting more and more difficult to win asylum. Decision-makers in court and at the Asylum Office are more suspicious of fraud, have higher expectations for evidence, and are looking for sneaky ways to deny applications. They are also less forgiving of inconsistencies and innocent mistakes. Add to that an overall environment where non-citizens are under threat, and the asylum process has become much more fraught. How then can you best prepare an asylum application during these challenging times? 

Here and in part 2, we’ll examine some common problems faced by asylum seekers and how they can be overcome.

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